https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&feed=atom&action=history
SIRT1 - Revision history
2024-03-29T11:46:56Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=270&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 21:49, 5 June 2020
2020-06-05T21:49:19Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:49, 5 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, a version of SIRT1, in yeast life span extension demonstrated that integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases its lifespan by 30%. In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, a version of SIRT1, in yeast life span extension demonstrated that integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases its lifespan by 30%. In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A recent study in genetically altered mice with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">excess Sirt1 </del>demonstrated delayed aging and heart protection <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with threefold to eightfold increases in Sirt1 levels</del>.<ref>Hsu CP, Odewale I, Alcendor RR, Sadoshima J. Sirt1 protects the heart from aging and stress. Biol Chem. 2008;389:221–231. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.032.</ref><ref name=":0" /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A recent study in genetically altered mice with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">threefold to eightfold increases in SIRT1 levels </ins>demonstrated delayed aging and heart protection.<ref>Hsu CP, Odewale I, Alcendor RR, Sadoshima J. Sirt1 protects the heart from aging and stress. Biol Chem. 2008;389:221–231. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.032.</ref><ref name=":0" /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td></tr>
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TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=269&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 21:43, 5 June 2020
2020-06-05T21:43:17Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:43, 5 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Resveratrol]], a plant compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, improves brain function through stimulating SIRT1.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref> Resveratrol can <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stimulates </del>SIRT1 activity up to eight-fold.<ref>MT Borra, BC Smith, JM Denu. Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol. J Biol Chem, 2005; 280: 17187-17195.</ref><ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>BP Hubbard, DA Sinclair. Small molecule SIRT1 acitvators for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol, 2014; 35: 146-154.</ref> Although the effectiveness of resveratrol activating SIRT1 remains debatable, research on various animals, demonstrated resveratrol stimulates SIRT1 function to protect against declining brain function.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>LL Du, JZ Xie, XS Cheng, XH Li, FL Kong, X Jiang, ZW Ma, JZ Wang, C Chen, XW Zhou. Activation of sirtuin 1 attenuates cerebral ventricular streptozotocin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive injuries in rat hippocampi. Age (Dordr), 2014; 36: 613-623.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Resveratrol]], a plant compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, improves brain function through stimulating SIRT1.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref> Resveratrol can <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stimulate </ins>SIRT1 activity up to eight-fold.<ref>MT Borra, BC Smith, JM Denu. Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol. J Biol Chem, 2005; 280: 17187-17195.</ref><ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>BP Hubbard, DA Sinclair. Small molecule SIRT1 acitvators for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol, 2014; 35: 146-154.</ref> Although the effectiveness of resveratrol activating SIRT1 remains debatable, research on various animals, demonstrated resveratrol stimulates SIRT1 function to protect against declining brain function.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>LL Du, JZ Xie, XS Cheng, XH Li, FL Kong, X Jiang, ZW Ma, JZ Wang, C Chen, XW Zhou. Activation of sirtuin 1 attenuates cerebral ventricular streptozotocin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive injuries in rat hippocampi. Age (Dordr), 2014; 36: 613-623.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Full index]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Full index]]</div></td></tr>
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TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=268&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 21:41, 5 June 2020
2020-06-05T21:41:35Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:41, 5 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its </del>controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">it </ins>controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in controlling the metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in reducing defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria through degradation.<ref>Bor Luen Tang. Sirt1 and the mitochondria. ''Mol Cells'', 2016; DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2318.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in controlling the metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in reducing defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria through degradation.<ref>Bor Luen Tang. Sirt1 and the mitochondria. ''Mol Cells'', 2016; DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2318.</ref></div></td></tr>
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TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=262&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 20:50, 5 June 2020
2020-06-05T20:50:47Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:50, 5 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Sirtuin 1''' ('''SIRT1''') is the most extensively studied protein in the family of sirtuin, which stands for the silent mating type information regulation 2 protein. Scientists heavily implicated the protein's capacity in health span and lifespan extension. SIRT1, has a shared gene in other species, including yeast. The shared gene in other animal species allows scientists to study how modulating the levels of SIRT1 impact lifespan. A study of yeast about 20 years ago revealed that genetically increasing SIRT1 levels increases lifespan by 30% in the species.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Sirtuin 1''' ('''SIRT1''') is the most extensively studied protein in the family of sirtuin, which stands for the silent mating type information regulation 2 protein. Scientists heavily implicated the protein's capacity in health span and lifespan extension. SIRT1, has a shared gene in other species, including yeast. The shared gene in other animal species allows scientists to study how modulating the levels of SIRT1 impact lifespan. A study of yeast about 20 years ago revealed that genetically increasing SIRT1 levels increases lifespan by 30% in the species.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This protein depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function. With sufficient NAD+, SIRT1 removes molecular markers from other proteins, such as histones, which are wrapped by DNA. Scientists classify SIRT1 as a class III histone deacetylase.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This protein depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function. With sufficient NAD+, SIRT1 removes molecular markers from other proteins, such as histones, which are wrapped by DNA. Scientists classify SIRT1 as a class III histone deacetylase.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:SIRT1 Function.jpg|thumb|SIRT1 functions]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Sirtuin1.jpg|thumb|SIRT1 functions]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>
TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=258&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 23:49, 4 June 2020
2020-06-04T23:49:50Z
<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:49, 4 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It's well <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">know </del>that regular exercise promotes health. Research suggested that SIRT1 plays a significant role in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> It also suggested SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It's well <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">known </ins>that regular exercise promotes health. Research suggested that SIRT1 plays a significant role in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> It also suggested SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of mitochondria in neurons.<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of mitochondria in neurons.<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> Exercise<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-stimulated </ins>SIRT1 function can result in these effects on brain <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protection</ins>.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">very well </del>stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> Exercise <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">increases SIRT1 content in the brain and the stimulation of </del>SIRT1 function <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">through exercise </del>can result in these effects on <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protecting </del>brain <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">function</del>.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 depends on sufficient levels of NAD+, which decline as people age. Exercise makes NAD+ molecules more readily available for SIRT1. NAD+ exists in higher concentrations in its non-reduced form, as opposed to having electrons as NADH. This helps SIRT1 function. Regular exercise also rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle, partly due to stimulating SIRT1 function.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 depends on sufficient levels of NAD+, which decline as people age. Exercise makes NAD+ molecules more readily available for SIRT1. NAD+ exists in higher concentrations in its non-reduced form, as opposed to having electrons as NADH. This helps SIRT1 function. Regular exercise also rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle, partly due to stimulating SIRT1 function.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>
TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=257&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 23:35, 4 June 2020
2020-06-04T23:35:25Z
<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:35, 4 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Sirtuin 1''' ('''SIRT1''') is the most extensively studied <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">type </del>of sirtuin. Scientists heavily <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implicate this </del>protein in health span and lifespan extension. SIRT1<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, a member of the silent mating type information regulation 2 protein (sirtuin) family</del>, has a shared gene in other species, including yeast. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>The shared gene in other animal species allows scientists to study modulating levels of SIRT1 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on </del>lifespan. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>A study of yeast <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">some </del>20 years ago <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reveals </del>genetically increasing SIRT1 levels increases lifespan 30% in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this </del>species.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Sirtuin 1''' ('''SIRT1''') is the most extensively studied <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protein in the family </ins>of sirtuin<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, which stands for the silent mating type information regulation 2 protein</ins>. Scientists heavily <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implicated the </ins>protein<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'s capacity </ins>in health span and lifespan extension. SIRT1, has a shared gene in other species, including yeast. The shared gene in other animal species allows scientists to study <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">how </ins>modulating <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>levels of SIRT1 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">impact </ins>lifespan. A study of yeast <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">about </ins>20 years ago <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">revealed that </ins>genetically increasing SIRT1 levels increases lifespan <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by </ins>30% in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>species.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This protein depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>With sufficient NAD+, SIRT1 removes molecular markers from other proteins, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including the proteins </del>DNA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wraps around (histones)</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> As such, scientists </del>classify <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">it </del>as a class III histone deacetylase.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This protein depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function. With sufficient NAD+, SIRT1 removes molecular markers from other proteins, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">such as histones, which are wrapped by </ins>DNA. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Scientists </ins>classify <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SIRT1 </ins>as a class III histone deacetylase.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6" >Line 6:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">control of </del>metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the reduction of </del>defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria.<ref>Bor Luen Tang. Sirt1 and the mitochondria. ''Mol Cells'', 2016; DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2318.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">controlling the </ins>metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reducing </ins>defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">through degradation</ins>.<ref>Bor Luen Tang. Sirt1 and the mitochondria. ''Mol Cells'', 2016; DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2318.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the yeast </del>version of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this gene</del>, in yeast life span extension <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">demonstrates </del>integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases lifespan 30%.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2 </del>In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>version of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SIRT1</ins>, in yeast life span extension <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">demonstrated that </ins>integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its </ins>lifespan <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by </ins>30%. In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A recent study in genetically altered mice with excess Sirt1 demonstrated delayed aging and heart protection with threefold to eightfold increases in Sirt1 levels.<ref>Hsu CP, Odewale I, Alcendor RR, Sadoshima J. Sirt1 protects the heart from aging and stress. Biol Chem. 2008;389:221–231. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.032.</ref><ref name=":0" /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A recent study in genetically altered mice with excess Sirt1 demonstrated delayed aging and heart protection with threefold to eightfold increases in Sirt1 levels.<ref>Hsu CP, Odewale I, Alcendor RR, Sadoshima J. Sirt1 protects the heart from aging and stress. Biol Chem. 2008;389:221–231. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.032.</ref><ref name=":0" /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Regular </del>exercise promotes health. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Research <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suggests </del>a significant role <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of SIRT1 </del>in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref>It also <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suggests </del>SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It's well know that regular </ins>exercise promotes health. Research <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suggested that SIRT1 plays </ins>a significant role in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> It also <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suggested </ins>SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the cell’s powerhouse </del>in neurons <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(mitochondria)</del>.<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mitochondria </ins>in neurons.<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Stimulation </del>of SIRT1 function through exercise can result in these effects on protecting brain function.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Exercise does increase SIRT1 content in the brain. The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may very well stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. </del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may very well stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref> Exercise increases SIRT1 content in the brain and the stimulation </ins>of SIRT1 function through exercise can result in these effects on protecting brain function.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 depends on sufficient levels of NAD+, which decline as people age. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Exercise makes NAD+ molecules more readily available for SIRT1. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>NAD+ exists in higher concentrations in its non-reduced form, as opposed to having electrons as NADH. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>This helps SIRT1 function. Regular exercise rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also. This happens </del>partly due to stimulating SIRT1 function<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Research has uncovered much related to SIRT1 cellular function. Researchers still have much to learn on this topic</del>.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 depends on sufficient levels of NAD+, which decline as people age. Exercise makes NAD+ molecules more readily available for SIRT1. NAD+ exists in higher concentrations in its non-reduced form, as opposed to having electrons as NADH. This helps SIRT1 function. Regular exercise <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also </ins>rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle, partly due to stimulating SIRT1 function.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SIRT1 has gained interest due to its role in improving brain functions. </del>[[Resveratrol]], a plant compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, improves brain function through stimulating SIRT1.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Resveratrol]], a plant compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, improves brain function through stimulating SIRT1.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref> Resveratrol <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can </ins>stimulates SIRT1 activity up to eight-fold.<ref>MT Borra, BC Smith, JM Denu. Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol. J Biol Chem, 2005; 280: 17187-17195.</ref><ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>BP Hubbard, DA Sinclair. Small molecule SIRT1 acitvators for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol, 2014; 35: 146-154.</ref> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Although the </ins>effectiveness of resveratrol activating SIRT1 remains debatable<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, research </ins>on various animals, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">demonstrated </ins>resveratrol stimulates SIRT1 function to protect against declining brain function.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>LL Du, JZ Xie, XS Cheng, XH Li, FL Kong, X Jiang, ZW Ma, JZ Wang, C Chen, XW Zhou. Activation of sirtuin 1 attenuates cerebral ventricular streptozotocin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive injuries in rat hippocampi. Age (Dordr), 2014; 36: 613-623.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1 activity up to eight-fold.<ref>MT Borra, BC Smith, JM Denu. Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol. J Biol Chem, 2005; 280: 17187-17195.</ref><ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>BP Hubbard, DA Sinclair. Small molecule SIRT1 acitvators for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol, 2014; 35: 146-154.</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>effectiveness of resveratrol activating SIRT1 remains debatable<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Research </del>on various animals, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">though, demonstrates </del>resveratrol stimulates SIRT1 function to protect against declining brain function.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>LL Du, JZ Xie, XS Cheng, XH Li, FL Kong, X Jiang, ZW Ma, JZ Wang, C Chen, XW Zhou. Activation of sirtuin 1 attenuates cerebral ventricular streptozotocin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive injuries in rat hippocampi. Age (Dordr), 2014; 36: 613-623.</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Full index]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Full index]]</div></td></tr>
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TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=249&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 23:04, 2 June 2020
2020-06-02T23:04:42Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:04, 2 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Sirtuin1.jpg|thumb|SIRT1 functions]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
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TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=239&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 17:54, 2 June 2020
2020-06-02T17:54:18Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:54, 2 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regular exercise promotes health. Research suggests a significant role of SIRT1 in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref>It also suggests SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regular exercise promotes health. Research suggests a significant role of SIRT1 in these effects from exercise.<ref>Z Radak, E Koltai, AW Taylor M Higuchi, S Kumagai, H Ohno, S Goto, I Boldogh. Redox regulating sirtuins in aging, carloric restriction, and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013; 58: 87-97.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref>It also suggests SIRT1-related adaptations from exercise occur in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><nowiki></del></ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of the cell’s powerhouse in neurons (mitochondria).<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A major effect of exercise entails protecting brain function. Improvements in brain function from exercise result in increased resistance to cellular stress,<ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>Z Radak, AW Taylor, H Ohno, S Goto. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: from muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol, 2001; 7: 90-107.</ref><ref>S Siamilis, J Jakus, C Nyakas, A Costa, B Mihalik, A Falus, Z Radak. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord, 2009; 47: 453-457.</ref>increased production of neurons,<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ref></ins>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>I Sarga, N Hart, IG Koch, SI Britton, G Hajas, I Boldogh, X Ba, Z Radak. Aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and SIRT1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair. Neuroscience, 2013; 252: 326-336.</ref> and increased production of the cell’s powerhouse in neurons (mitochondria).<ref>K Marosi, K Felszeghy, RD Mehra, Z Radak, C Nyakas. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology, 2012; 13: 413-427.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Stimulation of SIRT1 function through exercise can result in these effects on protecting brain function.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref> Exercise does increase SIRT1 content in the brain. The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may very well stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Stimulation of SIRT1 function through exercise can result in these effects on protecting brain function.<ref>H Jeong, DE Cohen, I. Cui, A Supinski, JN Savas, JR Mazzulli, JR Yates, L Bordone, L Guarente, D Kraine. Sirt1 mediates neuroprotection from mutant huntingtin by activation of the TORC1 and CREB transcriptional pathway. Nat Med, 2012; 18: 159-165.</ref><ref>L Liu, Q Zhang, Y Cai, D Sun, X He, L Wang, D Yu, X Li, X Xiong, H Xu, Q Yang, X Fan. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced depressivelike behaviors via enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. Oncotarget, 2016; 7: 56045-56059.</ref><ref>CY Ma, MJ Yao, QW Zhai, JW Jiao, XB Yuan, MM Poo. SIRT1 suppresses self-renewal of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Development, 2014; 141: 1697-4709.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref><ref>SA Shah, M Khan, MH Jo, MG Jo, FU Amin, MO Kim. Melatonin stimulates the SIRT1/nrf2 signaling pathway counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress to rescue postnatal rat brain. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017; 23: 33-44.</ref><ref>SJ Wang, XH Zhao, W Chen, N Bo, XJ Wang, ZF Chi, W Wu. Sirtuin 1 activation enhances the PGC-1a/mitochondrial antioxidant system pathway in status epilepticus. Mol Med Rep, 2015; 11: 521-526.</ref> Exercise does increase SIRT1 content in the brain. The molecular mechanism mediating exercise’s effects in protecting brain function may very well stem from it increasing SIRT1 levels.<ref>F Gomez-Pinilla, Z Ying. Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Neuroscience, 2010; 168: 130-137.</ref><ref>Zsolt Radak, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Aniko Posa, Zita Petrovszky, Erika Koltai, Istvan Boldogh. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020:101467.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>
TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=238&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 17:35, 2 June 2020
2020-06-02T17:35:53Z
<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:35, 2 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref name=":0">Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in control of metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in the reduction of defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in control of metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in the reduction of defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Bor Luen Tang. Sirt1 and the mitochondria. ''Mol Cells'', 2016; DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2318.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td></tr>
</table>
TheNMNguy
https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=SIRT1&diff=237&oldid=prev
TheNMNguy at 17:27, 2 June 2020
2020-06-02T17:27:46Z
<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:27, 2 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3" >Line 3:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 function==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref>Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, meaning SIRT1 removes molecular tags, acetyl groups, from proteins. Proteins from which SIRT1 removes these acetyl groups include histones, proteins which DNA wraps around, and non-histone proteins. With deacetylating activithy of SIRT1, its controls gene expression, metabolism, and aging.<ref <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">name=":0"</ins>>Shahedur Rahman, Rezuanul Islam. '''Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions'''. ''Cell Commun Signal'', 2011; DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-9-11.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in control of metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in the reduction of defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sirt1 has been heavily implicated in control of metabolism and health of the cell’s powerhouse, mitochondria. SIRT1 also plays an important role in the reduction of defective mitochondria. This reduction in defective mitochondria occurs through a process termed mitophagy. Mitophagy entails the cell’s disposal of defective mitochondria.</div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Research on SIRT1 in aging==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, the yeast version of this gene, in yeast life span extension demonstrates integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases lifespan 30%.2 In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies indicate high expression of SIRT1 in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and fat tissue (white adipose tissue).<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>GS Kelly. A review of the sirtuin system, its clinical implications, and the potential role of dietary activators like resveratrol: part 2. Altern Med Rev, 2010; 15(4): 313-328.</ref><ref>S Voelter-Mahlknecht, U Mahknecht. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and mapping of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 1. Int J Mol Med, 2006; 17(1):59-67.</ref> An initial study of Sir2, the yeast version of this gene, in yeast life span extension demonstrates integrating a second copy of the gene into normal, wild type, yeast increases lifespan 30%.2 In contrast, mice with mutant Sir2 genes have a reduced lifespan of 50%.<ref>Wenyan Cao, Ying Dou, Aiping Li. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8.</ref><ref>M Kaeberlein, M McVey, L Guarente. The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev, 1999; 13(19): 2570-2580.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A recent study in genetically altered mice with excess Sirt1 demonstrated delayed aging and heart protection with threefold to eightfold increases in Sirt1 levels.<ref>Hsu CP, Odewale I, Alcendor RR, Sadoshima J. Sirt1 protects the heart from aging and stress. Biol Chem. 2008;389:221–231. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.032.</ref><ref name=":0" /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==SIRT1 and exercise==</div></td></tr>
</table>
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