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	<updated>2026-05-11T15:39:29Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=Britain_Increased_Its_Handouts_To&amp;diff=59521</id>
		<title>Britain Increased Its Handouts To</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=Britain_Increased_Its_Handouts_To&amp;diff=59521"/>
		<updated>2021-01-03T23:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;RussNoll031: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Britain increased its handouts to [/news/china/index.html China] last year as the Government overshot its [/news/foreignaid/index.html foreign aid] target by almost £100million.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Schemes funded by UK taxpayers included a photography project to understand the country's past, syphilis tests for gay men and improving cancer screening in rural areas.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Despite a promise a decade ago to stop sending cash to the world's second largest economy, bilateral aid spending in China soared by £12.3million in a year to £67.9million in 2019.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;More cash from the UK will have been given through international bodies such as the [/news/united-nations/index.html United Nations] and EU.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;         Britain increased its handouts to China last year as the Government overshot its foreign aid target by almost £100million. Pictured: Chinese children line up under the supervision of a teacher at a kindergarten playground in Beijing&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;         Despite a promise a decade ago to stop sending cash to the world's second largest economy, bilateral aid spending in China soared by £12.3million in a year to £67.9million in 2019.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Pictured: Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong (left) and Nie Haisheng (right) wave as they walk to the launch tower of the Jiuquan Satellite&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;   RELATED ARTICLES  [# Previous] [# 1] [# Next]     [/news/article-8768265/Chinese-army-boots-soldier-caught-leaking-military-secrets-smartphone.html  Chinese army boots out soldier after he was caught 'leaking...] [/news/article-8767663/Hong-Kong-activist-Joshua-Wong-arrested-unauthorised-assembly.html  Hong Kong prominent pro-democracy activist Joshua Wong is...] [/news/article-8767131/China-running-380-detention-centres-Xinjiang-researchers.html  China has built nearly 400 'suspected detention centres'...] [/news/article-8764715/How-China-poured-billions-Caribbean.html  How China has poured billions into the Caribbean by...]    &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Share this article&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Share&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;12k shares&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The Government is legally committed to spending 0.7 per cent of gross national income on developing countries. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Figures released yesterday showed [http://www.google.de/search?q=ministers ministers] not only met the target, but exceeded it by £92million.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The total spent on the foreign aid budget rose by £645million to reach £15.2billion for the first time last year.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The top [http://www.ehow.com/search.html?s=handouts handouts] were £305million for Pakistan,  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html tour Lệ Giang] £300million for  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html kynghidongduong.vn] Ethiopia and £292million for Afghanistan.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS news&amp;quot; data-version=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; id=&amp;quot;mol-0eea9180-feb9-11ea-9a69-0f6e18d9ed07&amp;quot; website gives £67.9m in foreign aid to China in the last year&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>RussNoll031</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=It_apos;s_Time_To_Rethink_Tin_The_Forgotten_Critical_Mineral:_Andy_Home&amp;diff=54499</id>
		<title>It apos;s Time To Rethink Tin The Forgotten Critical Mineral: Andy Home</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=It_apos;s_Time_To_Rethink_Tin_The_Forgotten_Critical_Mineral:_Andy_Home&amp;diff=54499"/>
		<updated>2021-01-03T11:13:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;RussNoll031: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;By Andy Home&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;LONDON, Oct 14 (Reuters) - There's a tingle of excitement in the tin market.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;It helps that the metal has weathered COVID-19 relatively well.&amp;lt;b...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;By Andy Home&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;LONDON, Oct 14 (Reuters) - There's a tingle of excitement in the tin market.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;It helps that the metal has weathered COVID-19 relatively well.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;At a current $18,300 per tonne, the London Metal Exchange (LME) price is up 6.5% on the start of 2020 and nudging against September's one-year high of $18,510.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;It also helps that sentiment among the small number of analysts who cover the tin market is turning bullish based on anticipated supply deficits over the coming years.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;However, underpinning the rosy market outlook is also a more fundamental reappraisal of tin's role in what's dubbed the Fourth Industrial [http://www.blogher.com/search/apachesolr_search/Revolution Revolution] - the coming whirlwind of machine-to-machine communication, the internet of things and artificial intelligence.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Tin is classified as a critical mineral in the United States, but not in the European Union.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The potentially more significant question though, is what China thinks about the metal.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;If the world's largest producer decides to start stockpiling tin, it'll be a wake-up call for everyone else.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;GLUE FOR  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html tour Lệ Giang] THE INTERNET&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Tin doesn't grab many headlines.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The common association is with the humble tin can - the clue's in the name - a sector that has been in long-term decline as steel-makers use ever thinner coatings and the packaging sector shifts towards alternative materials such as aluminium.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;It's not the sort of story to catch the attention of fund managers.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Heavy-weight investors are also put off by the small size of the market - annual global production is just 360,000 tonnes - and the even smaller size of the LME market.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The lack of institutional interest is why relatively few analysts even bother with the tin market.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Thirteen contributed a tin forecast for Reuters year-start metal analysts poll, compared with 28 for copper.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;However, tin usage has, over several decades, quietly evolved away from long-life food to nano-soldering in electronics.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Soldering accounted for 48% of global usage in 2018, while tinplate packaging was just 13%, according to the International Tin Association (ITA).&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Tellingly, demand for  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html kynghidongduong.vn] tinplate fell 2% that year, while soldering usage increased by the same amount.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;This linkage to the electronics sector has been a boon for tin this year.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Semiconductor sales, a broad proxy for the electronic goods sector, have been resilient, up 4.9% in July relative to 2019, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Lockdown, perhaps unsurprisingly, has boosted demand for electronic gadgets.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;But soldering will also drive increased tin demand as the world tools up for the Industrial Revolution Version 4.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Tin is literally the glue that binds together the machines needed to interface with the virtual and robotic worlds.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;When Rio Tinto commissioned the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study which metals would gain most from &amp;quot;new technology&amp;quot;, the answer was tin.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;MIT saw the &amp;quot;can metal&amp;quot; benefitting from all four megatrends of electric vehicles, renewable energy, advanced robotics and advanced computation and IT.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;CRITICAL METAL?&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Tin's usage across such a wide modern manufacturing spectrum is what put it on the U.S.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;list of critical minerals.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The reason it's not on the European list - a rare divergence - is probably because the European Union has a significant domestic producer in the form of Belgium's Metallo, now part of Germany's Aurubis.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The last U.S. tin mine, by contrast, closed in 1993 and the last smelter even earlier in 1989.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Home-grown supply is limited to around 11,000 tonnes of recycled metal, with refined tin imports running at around 35,000 tonnes in the last two years, according to the United States Geological Survey.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Is it on China's list of strategic reserves?&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The country is expected to include a stockpiling programme for strategic commodities in its next five-year plan beginning 2021.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;State stockpile managers have already been active in the cobalt market.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;There is much speculation they are one of the reasons China's copper imports are running red-hot this year.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Given both China's existing manufacturing base and its drive to dominate next-generation technology, tin is a likely contender for strategic metal status.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Macquarie Bank analysts &amp;quot;find enough reason to adjust our supply-demand balance to account for some stocking this year and next&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;They postulate 5,000 tonnes of Chinese purchases, split across this year and next.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(&amp;quot;Commodities Compendium&amp;quot;, Sept. 21, 2020).&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Forecast 2020 and 2021 supply deficits are deepened to 4,400 tonnes and 2,900 tonnes respectively. Indeed, Macquarie is forecasting consecutive years of supply deficit through 2025.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Analysts at Roskill are only slightly less bullish, with forecast shortages through 2023.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;FRAGILE SUPPLY&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;China has been the world's largest producer and consumer of tin for some years.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;If lack of domestic resource is a key determinant of a metal's criticality, the country doesn't appear to have a problem.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;But China has grown heavily reliant on imports of raw material from the tin mines in the Wa area of Myanmar.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Imports peaked at over 470,000 tonnes bulk weight in 2016 but have been trending ever lower since amid speculation that easily accessible reserves are being exhausted.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;This year has brought another sharp decline, due first to COVID-19 restrictions at the China-Myanmar border and more recently, the ITA says, to severe flooding at some of the mines.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Smelters such as Yunnan Tin have taken maintenance downtime to compensate for the shortfall of raw material.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;That in turn has caused the world's largest producer to turn net importer of refined tin so far this year.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Smelter margins remain squeezed by a lack of raw material, acting as a restraint on tin production, said state research house Antaike.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The coronavirus has exposed China's dependency on its neighbour for tin concentrates.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Macquarie notes that &amp;quot;some concerns have emerged around future supply from Myanmar, with market participants telling us that Chinese buyer inquiries are now reaching Africa and the new Alphamin mine in (the Democratic Republic of Congo)&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;China's internal supply dynamics seem to be struggling to keep up with current demand, let alone [http://www.shewrites.com/main/search/search?q=finding%20sufficient finding sufficient] mine resource to meet future soldering demand.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The country's state planners have much to mull over in deciding whether to designate tin a strategic metal.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The very fact the old can metal is even on their discussion list suggests the tin market may be due a broader strategic rethink.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(Editing by Jan Harvey)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>RussNoll031</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=Investing_In_Yunnan&amp;diff=41521</id>
		<title>Investing In Yunnan</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=Investing_In_Yunnan&amp;diff=41521"/>
		<updated>2021-01-02T01:17:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;RussNoll031: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Yunnan has always been an enigmatic province; encompassing four major Chinese minorities influenced by Vietnam, India, Burma and Tibet, and home to the very easter...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Yunnan has always been an enigmatic province; encompassing four major Chinese minorities influenced by Vietnam, India, Burma and Tibet, and home to the very eastern end of the Himalayan ranges, it is never a simple region to categorize.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;However, due to booming trade with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) free trade area, the central government has begun to pay more attention to China&amp;amp;#39;s most southwest province. The priority has been upgrading Yunnan&amp;amp;#39;s transport links internationally in order to connect it to countries across the ASEAN region and  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html tour shangrila] to its provincial neighbors within China.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push();&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Add to that ASEAN&amp;amp;#39;s massive bilateral trade figure with China, some US$205 billion, and Yunnan, rather like Guangxi, starts to become attractive when considering multilateral trade with ASEAN members from cities such as Kunming. Indeed, Yunnan&amp;amp;#39;s trade with its neighboring regions is growing:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Yunnan&amp;amp;#39;s only drawback is that it is landlocked. The nearest Chinese ports are at Qinzhou, Guangxi to the east, but rail connections are improving directly to Hanoi, with freight crossing the borders at Pingxiang, and  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html tour shangrila] Hekou. Only Hekou is open to non-Chinese Vietnamese. It should also be noted that Yunnan&amp;amp;#39;s largest trade partner is Hong Kong, followed by Myanmar, South Korea, the United States and Japan. Trade with Vietnam and India is expected to grow dramatically in the near future as transportation links open up.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Major highways in Yunnan connect to Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Tibet. In the past few years Yunnan has built more new roads than any other [https://soundcloud.com/search/sounds?q=province&amp;amp;filter.license=to_modify_commercially province] in China. The target is to connect all major towns and neighboring capitals by 2010, and to complete a high-speed network by 2020. There are also highways going to Myanmar, Thailand (through neighboring Laos), and Vietnam. In addition, India and China will redevelop and reopen the Stilwell Road, which will connect Kunming with Ledo in [http://www.ourmidland.com/search/?q=Northeast%20India Northeast India]. The road will improve links between Yunnan and India dramatically and reduce the current trade route between India and China by 75 percent. At present, goods must first be transported to Guangxi or Guangdong and then travel to India by ship &amp;amp;ndash; a journey of 6,000 kilometers. When the road is upgraded and completed (expected 2016) then Kunming will start to boom even more.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;To read the rest of this article by [ ] for China-Briefing.com. Chris is the founder of Dezan Shira &amp;amp; Associates, and has been doing [ ] for  [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html kynghidongduong.vn] over 15 years.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push();&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>RussNoll031</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=User:RussNoll031&amp;diff=41520</id>
		<title>User:RussNoll031</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.nmnwiki.com/index.php?title=User:RussNoll031&amp;diff=41520"/>
		<updated>2021-01-02T01:16:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;RussNoll031: Created page with &amp;quot;I'm Russ (18) from Rohrbachgraben, Switzerland. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;I'm learning French literature at a local high school and I'm just about to graduate.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;I have a part time job in a univer...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I'm Russ (18) from Rohrbachgraben, Switzerland. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;I'm learning French literature at a local high school and I'm just about to graduate.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;I have a part time job in a university.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;My page :: [https://www.kynghidongduong.vn/blog/kinh-nghiem-kham-pha-shangri-la-vung-dat-cua-tinh-yeu.html tour shangrila]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>RussNoll031</name></author>
		
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